Methods and apparatus for common scrambling for rank adaptation

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the present disclosure include methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for identifying an initial rank, modulating information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank, scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers, transmitting, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers, receiving an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers, modulating at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers, scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers, and transmitting, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

BACKGROUND

Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and more particularly, to apparatuses and methods for common scrambling for rank adaptation.

Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. For example, a fifth generation (5G) wireless communications technology (which may be referred to as new radio (NR)) is envisaged to expand and support diverse usage scenarios and applications with respect to current mobile network generations. In an aspect, 5G communications technology may include: enhanced mobile broadband addressing human-centric use cases for access to multimedia content, services and data; ultra-reliable-low latency communications (URLLC) with certain specifications for latency and reliability; and massive machine type communications, which may allow a very large number of connected devices and transmission of a relatively low volume of non-delay-sensitive information. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, however, further improvements in NR communications technology and beyond may be desired.

In a wireless communication network, a network may rely on reference signals to determine the transmission/reception quality of a channel. A network implementing multiple incremental redundancy scheme achieves implicit rate adaptation based on using multiple incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat requests (IR-HARQs), instead of rate adaptation based on reference signals (e.g. CSI-RS), may improve the reliability of the transmission/reception of information. However, retransmission of certain data streams may reduce inter-cell interference randomization because of the retransmitted layers may be scrambled with the same scramblers as the initially transmitted layers. Therefore, improvements may be desirable.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

Aspects of the present disclosure include methods by a transmitter for identifying an initial rank, modulating information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank, scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers, transmitting, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers, receiving an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers, modulating at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers, scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers, and transmitting, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

Other aspects of the present disclosure include a transmitter having a memory comprising instructions, a transceiver, and one or more processors operatively coupled with the memory and the transceiver, the one or more processors configured to execute instructions in the memory to identify an initial rank, modulate information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank, scramble the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers, transmit, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers, receive an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers, modulate at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers, scramble the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers, and transmit, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

An aspect of the present disclosure includes a transmitter including means for identifying an initial rank, means for modulating information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank, means for scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers, means for transmitting, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers, means for receiving an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers, means for modulating at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers, means for scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers, and means for transmitting, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

Some aspects of the present disclosure include non-transitory computer readable media having instructions stored therein that, when executed by one or more processors of a transmitter, cause the one or more processors to identify an initial rank, modulate information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank, scramble the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers, transmit, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers, receive an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers, modulate at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers, scramble the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers, and transmit, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosed aspects will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, provided to illustrate and not to limit the disclosed aspects, wherein like designations denote like elements, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network according to aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example of a user equipment according to aspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a base station according to aspects of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 4 is an example of a method for implementing common scrambling for space-time based rank adaptation according to aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may comprise a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that may be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that may be accessed by a computer.

In one aspects, multiple incremental redundancy scheme (MIRS) may be a rate adaptation scheme based on multiple incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat requests (IR-HARQs) re-transmissions showing gains over current CSI-RS based rate adaptation. MIRS rate adaptation principles may be extended to rank indication (RI). For example, an aspect of the present disclosure may begin with overestimating the rank in the first transmission, and, if necessary, gradually reducing the effective rank in retransmissions (RETXs) until reaching a rank that is supported by the channel. The method discussed above may require that the scrambling remain constant between the RETXs. This may negatively impact the inter-cell interference randomization.

In an aspect of the present disclosure, for rank adaptation with space-time coding (STC), a common scrambling for all layers may be applied, alternatively or additionally, to the per-layer scrambling. For example, a common scrambling may be applied to all the layers without any per-layer scrambling. In another example, a common scrambling may be applied to all the layers after the application of per-layer scrambling. The common scrambling may be changed per transmission. The common scrambling may be “absorbed” into the first and/or second precoders allowing for the STC formulation, therefore, reducing inter-cell interference. Alternatively, the common scrambling may be applied onto to retransmission(s) of the STC. In some cases, cell specific and/or user specific scrambling seeds may be used.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network 100. The wireless communications system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes at least one BS 105, UEs 110, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160, and a 5G Core (5GC) 190. The BS 105 may include macro cells (high power cellular base station) and/or small cells (low power cellular base station). The macro cells include base stations. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. In one implementation, the UE 110 may include a communication component 222 configured to communicate with the BS 105 via a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, or other wireless and wired networks. The UE 110 may include a ranking component 224 configured to identify a rank for initial transmission. The UE 110 may include a modulation component 226 configured to modulate information into one or more layers associated with the rank. The UE 110 may include a scrambling component 228 configured to scramble the one or more layers. In some implementations, the communication component 222, the ranking component 224, the modulation component 226, and/or the scrambling component 228 may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. In some implementations, the BS 105 may include a communication component 322 configured to communicate with the UE 110. The BS 105 may include a ranking component 324 configured to identify a rank for initial transmission. The BS 105 may include a modulation component 326 configured to modulate information into one or more layers associated with the rank. The BS 105 may include a scrambling component 328 configured to scramble the one or more layers. In some implementations, the communication component 322, the ranking component 324, the modulation component 326, and/or the scrambling component 328 may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

A BS 105 configured for 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC 160 through backhaul links interfaces 132 (e.g., S1, X2, Internet Protocol (IP), or flex interfaces). A BS 105 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with 5GC 190 through backhaul links interfaces 134 (e.g., S1, X2, Internet Protocol (IP), or flex interface). In addition to other functions, the BS 105 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The BS 105 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over the backhaul links interfaces 134. The backhaul links 132, 134 may be wired or wireless.

The BS 105 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 110. Each of the BS 105 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 130. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 130. For example, the small cell 105′ may have a coverage area 130′ that overlaps the coverage area 130 of one or more macro BS 105. A network that includes both small cell and macro cells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication links 120 between the BS 105 and the UEs 110 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 110 to a BS 105 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 105 to a UE 110. The communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The BS 105 / UEs 110 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Y_(x) MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

Certain UEs 110 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL/UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.

The small cell 105′ may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell 105′ may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 105′, employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and/or increase capacity of the access network.

A BS 105, whether a small cell 105′ or a large cell (e.g., macro base station), may include an eNB, gNodeB (gNB), or other type of base station. Some base stations, such as gNB 180 may operate in one or more frequency bands within the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency/wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz -7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” (mmW) band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, or may be within the EHF band. Communications using the mmW / near mmW radio frequency band has extremely high path loss and a short range. The mmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 110 to compensate for the path loss and short range.

The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 110 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a packet switched (PS) Streaming Service, and/or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BS 105 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible for session management (start/stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.

The 5GC 190 may include a Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may be in communication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 110 and the 5GC 190. Generally, the AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to the IP Services 197. The IP Services 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS Streaming Service, and/or other IP services.

The BS 105 may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, an access node, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), gNB, Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, a relay, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit reception point (TRP), or some other suitable terminology. The BS 105 provides an access point to the EPC 160 or 5GC 190 for a UE 110. Examples of UEs 110 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor/actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 110 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc.). The UE 110 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

Referring to FIG. 2 , one example of an implementation of the UE 110 may include a modem 220 having the communication component 222, the ranking component 224, the modulation component 226, and/or the scrambling component 228. In one implementation, the UE 110 may include a communication component 222 configured to communicate with the BS 105 via a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, or other wireless and wired networks. The UE 110 may include a ranking component 224 configured to identify a rank for initial transmission. The UE 110 may include a modulation component 226 configured to modulate information into one or more layers associated with the rank. The UE 110 may include a scrambling component 228 configured to scramble the one or more layers.

In some implementations, the UE 110 may include a variety of components, including components such as one or more processors 212 and memory 216 and transceiver 202 in communication via one or more buses 244, which may operate in conjunction with the modem 220 and the communication component 222 to enable one or more of the functions described herein related to communicating with the BS 105. Further, the one or more processors 212, modem 220, memory 216, transceiver 202, RF front end 288 and one or more antennas 265, may be configured to support voice and/or data calls (simultaneously or non-simultaneously) in one or more radio access technologies. The one or more antennas 265 may include one or more antennas, antenna elements and/or antenna arrays.

In an aspect, the one or more processors 212 may include the modem 220 that uses one or more modem processors. The various functions related to the communication component 222, the ranking component 224, the modulation component 226, and/or the scrambling component 228 may be included in the modem 220 and/or processors 212 and, in an aspect, may be executed by a single processor, while in other aspects, different ones of the functions may be executed by a combination of two or more different processors. For example, in an aspect, the one or more processors 212 may include any one or any combination of a modem processor, or a baseband processor, or a digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a receiving device processor, or a transceiver processor associated with transceiver 202. Additionally, the modem 220 may configure the UE 110 along with the processors 212. In other aspects, some of the features of the one or more processors 212 and/or the modem 220 associated with the communication component 222 may be performed by transceiver 202.

The memory 216 may be configured to store data used and/or local versions of application 275. Also, the memory 216 may be configured to store data used herein and/or local versions of the communication component 222, the ranking component 224, the modulation component 226, and/or the scrambling component 228, and/or one or more of the subcomponents being executed by at least one processor 212. Memory 216 may include any type of computer-readable medium usable by a computer or at least one processor 212, such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magnetic discs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and any combination thereof. In an aspect, for example, memory 216 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores one or more computer-executable codes defining the communication component 222, the ranking component 224, the modulation component 226, and/or the scrambling component 228, and/or one or more of the subcomponents, and/or data associated therewith, when UE 110 is operating at least one processor 212 to execute the communication component 222, the ranking component 224, the modulation component 226, and/or the scrambling component 228, and/or one or more of the subcomponents.

Transceiver 202 may include at least one receiver 206 and at least one transmitter 208. Receiver 206 may include hardware, firmware, and/or software code executable by a processor for receiving data, the code comprising instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g., computer-readable medium). Receiver 206 may be, for example, a RF receiving device. In an aspect, the receiver 206 may receive signals transmitted by at least one BS 105. Transmitter 208 may include hardware, firmware, and/or software code executable by a processor for transmitting data, the code comprising instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g., computer-readable medium). A suitable example of transmitter 208 may including, but is not limited to, an RF transmitter.

Moreover, in an aspect, UE 110 may include RF front end 288, which may operate in communication with one or more antennas 265 and transceiver 202 for receiving and transmitting radio transmissions, for example, wireless communications transmitted by at least one BS 105 or wireless transmissions transmitted by UE 110. RF front end 288 may be coupled with one or more antennas 265 and may include one or more low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) 290, one or more switches 292, one or more power amplifiers (PAs) 298, and one or more filters 296 for transmitting and receiving RF signals.

In an aspect, LNA 290 may amplify a received signal at a desired output level. In an aspect, each LNA 290 may have a specified minimum and maximum gain values. In an aspect, RF front end 288 may use one or more switches 292 to select a particular LNA 290 and the specified gain value based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

Further, for example, one or more PA(s) 298 may be used by RF front end 288 to amplify a signal for an RF output at a desired output power level. In an aspect, each PA 298 may have specified minimum and maximum gain values. In an aspect, RF front end 288 may use one or more switches 292 to select a particular PA 298 and the specified gain value based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

Also, for example, one or more filters 296 may be used by RF front end 288 to filter a received signal to obtain an input RF signal. Similarly, in an aspect, for example, a respective filter 296 may be used to filter an output from a respective PA 298 to produce an output signal for transmission. In an aspect, each filter 296 may be coupled with a specific LNA 290 and/or PA 298. In an aspect, RF front end 288 may use one or more switches 292 to select a transmit or receive path using a specified filter 296, LNA 290, and/or PA 298, based on a configuration as specified by transceiver 202 and/or processor 212.

As such, transceiver 202 may be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 265 via RF front end 288. In an aspect, transceiver may be tuned to operate at specified frequencies such that UE 110 may communicate with, for example, one or more BS 105 or one or more cells associated with one or more BS 105. In an aspect, for example, the modem 220 may configure transceiver 202 to operate at a specified frequency and power level based on the UE configuration of the UE 110 and the communication protocol used by the modem 220.

In an aspect, the modem 220 may be a multiband-multimode modem, which may process digital data and communicate with transceiver 202 such that the digital data is sent and received using transceiver 202. In an aspect, the modem 220 may be multiband and be configured to support multiple frequency bands for a specific communications protocol. In an aspect, the modem 220 may be multimode and be configured to support multiple operating networks and communications protocols. In an aspect, the modem 220 may control one or more components of UE 110 (e.g., RF front end 288, transceiver 202) to enable transmission and/or reception of signals from the network based on a specified modem configuration. In an aspect, the modem configuration may be based on the mode of the modem and the frequency band in use. In another aspect, the modem configuration may be based on UE configuration information associated with UE 110 as provided by the network.

Referring to FIG. 3 , one example of an implementation of the BS 105 may include a modem 320 having the communication component 322, the ranking component 324, the modulation component 326, and/or the scrambling component 328. In some implementations, the BS 105 may include a communication component 322 configured to communicate with the UE 110. The BS 105 may include a ranking component 324 configured to identify a rank for initial transmission. The BS 105 may include a modulation component 326 configured to modulate information into one or more layers associated with the rank. The BS 105 may include a scrambling component 328 configured to scramble the one or more layers.

In some implementations, the BS 105 may include a variety of components, including components such as one or more processors 312 and memory 316 and transceiver 302 in communication via one or more buses 344, which may operate in conjunction with the modem 320 and the communication component 322 to enable one or more of the functions described herein related to communicating with the UE 110. Further, the one or more processors 312, modem 320, memory 316, transceiver 302, RF front end 388 and one or more antennas 365, may be configured to support voice and/or data calls (simultaneously or non-simultaneously) in one or more radio access technologies.

In an aspect, the one or more processors 312 may include the modem 320 that uses one or more modem processors. The various functions related to the communication component 322, the ranking component 324, the modulation component 326, and/or the scrambling component 328 may be included in the modem 320 and/or processors 312 and, in an aspect, may be executed by a single processor, while in other aspects, different ones of the functions may be executed by a combination of two or more different processors. For example, in an aspect, the one or more processors 312 may include any one or any combination of a modem processor, or a baseband processor, or a digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a receiving device processor, or a transceiver processor associated with transceiver 302. Additionally, the modem 320 may configure the BS 105 and processors 312. In other aspects, some of the features of the one or more processors 312 and/or the modem 320 associated with the communication component 322 may be performed by transceiver 302.

The memory 316 may be configured to store data used herein and/or local versions of applications 375. Also, the memory 316 may be configured to store data used herein and/or local versions of the communication component 322, the ranking component 324, the modulation component 326, and/or the scrambling component 328, and/or one or more of the subcomponents being executed by at least one processor 312. Memory 316 may include any type of computer-readable medium usable by a computer or at least one processor 312, such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magnetic discs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and any combination thereof. In an aspect, for example, memory 316 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores one or more computer-executable codes defining the communication component 322, the ranking component 324, the modulation component 326, and/or the scrambling component 328, and/or one or more of the subcomponents, and/or data associated therewith, when the BS 105 is operating at least one processor 312 to execute the communication component 322, the ranking component 324, the modulation component 326, and/or the scrambling component 328, and/or one or more of the subcomponents.

Transceiver 302 may include at least one receiver 306 and at least one transmitter 308. The at least one receiver 306 may include hardware, firmware, and/or software code executable by a processor for receiving data, the code comprising instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g., computer-readable medium). The receiver 306 may be, for example, aRF receiving device. In an aspect, receiver 306 may receive signals transmitted by the UE 110. Transmitter 308 may include hardware, firmware, and/or software code executable by a processor for transmitting data, the code comprising instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g., computer-readable medium). A suitable example of transmitter 308 may including, but is not limited to, an RF transmitter.

Moreover, in an aspect, the BS 105 may include RF front end 388, which may operate in communication with one or more antennas 365 and transceiver 302 for receiving and transmitting radio transmissions, for example, wireless communications transmitted by other BS 105 or wireless transmissions transmitted by UE 110. RF front end 388 may be coupled with one or more antennas 365 and may include one or more low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) 390, one or more switches 392, one or more power amplifiers (PAs) 398, and one or more filters 396 for transmitting and receiving RF signals.

In an aspect, LNA 390 may amplify a received signal at a desired output level. In an aspect, each LNA 390 may have a specified minimum and maximum gain values. In an aspect, RF front end 388 may use one or more switches 392 to select a particular LNA 390 and the specified gain value based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

Further, for example, one or more PA(s) 398 may be used by RF front end 388 to amplify a signal for an RF output at a desired output power level. In an aspect, each PA 398 may have specified minimum and maximum gain values. In an aspect, RF front end 388 may use one or more switches 392 to select a particular PA 398 and the specified gain value based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

Also, for example, one or more filters 396 may be used by RF front end 388 to filter a received signal to obtain an input RF signal. Similarly, in an aspect, for example, a respective filter 396 may be used to filter an output from a respective PA 398 to produce an output signal for transmission. In an aspect, each filter 396 may be coupled with a specific LNA 390 and/or PA 398. In an aspect, RF front end 388 may use one or more switches 392 to select a transmit or receive path using a specified filter 396, LNA 390, and/or PA 398, based on a configuration as specified by transceiver 302 and/or processor 312.

As such, transceiver 302 may be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals through one or more antennas 365 via RF front end 388. In an aspect, transceiver may be tuned to operate at specified frequencies such that BS 105 may communicate with, for example, the UE 110 or one or more cells associated with one or more BS 105. In an aspect, for example, the modem 320 may configure transceiver 302 to operate at a specified frequency and power level based on the base station configuration of the BS 105 and the communication protocol used by the modem 320.

In an aspect, the modem 320 may be a multiband-multimode modem, which may process digital data and communicate with transceiver 302 such that the digital data is sent and received using transceiver 302. In an aspect, the modem 320 may be multiband and be configured to support multiple frequency bands for a specific communications protocol. In an aspect, the modem 320 may be multimode and be configured to support multiple operating networks and communications protocols. In an aspect, the modem 320 may control one or more components of the BS 105 (e.g., RF front end 388, transceiver 302) to enable transmission and/or reception of signals from the network based on a specified modem configuration. In an aspect, the modem configuration may be based on the mode of the modem and the frequency band in use. In another aspect, the modem configuration may be based on base station configuration associated with the BS 105.

In certain aspects, a transmitter (such as the BS 105 or the UE 110) may transmit data or control information to the a receiver (such as the UE 110 or the BS 105). The transmitter may identify an initial rank that is higher (i.e., an overestimation) than the actual rank of the receiver. The actual rank may indicate a number of layers (e.g., data streams) the receiver is able to demodulate concurrently. In an example, the transmitter may identify an initial rank of 4 associated with the receiver. The initial rank of 4 may be an overestimation of the actual rank of the receiver, which may be 3.

In some aspects, the transmitter may transmit, on a first transmission, x_(A) = [p_(A0) p_(A1) p_(A2) p_(A3)] * [x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃]^(T), where p_(A0), p_(A1), p_(A2), and p_(A3) are the columns of the precoder matrix and x₀, x₁, x₂, and x₃ are different parallel data streams. Each of the p_(A0), p_(A1), p_(A2), and p_(A3) may be associated with the number of antennas used by the transmitter for the first transmission. The receiver may receive, on a first reception, y_(A) = H̃ _(A) * [x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃]^(T) + n = H_(A)[p_(A0) p_(A1) p_(A2) p_(A3)] * [x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃]^(T) + n, where n is the additive noise and H_(A) may be the MIMO channel. Since the receiver has the actual rank of 3, the demodulation may fail for some layers and/or may succeed for only part of the layers. The receiver may detect that the failure is caused by rank mismatch (e.g., initial rank of 4 versus actual rank of 3). In response to the rank mismatch, the receiver may request a rank correction on the next transmission. In some aspects, the receiver may feedback signal-to-noise ratio per layer. For example, SNR(x₀) > SNR(x₁) > SNR(x₂) > SNR(x₃).

In some aspects of the present disclosure, after receiving the rank correction from the receiver, the transmitter may transmit a retransmission having the same number of layers as the first transmission. Some or all of the layers may be transmitted in the previous transmission (e.g., initial transmission or retransmission). For example, the receiver may transmit a second transmission having 2 additional layers while also trying to resolve the rank mismatch of the first transmission. In this example, the transmitter may transmit 2 additional layers because the actual rank of the receiver is 3, and the first transmission included 4 layers. If successful, a total of 6 layers (i.e., 6 data streams) may be transmitted, matching the actual rank of 3 over 2 transmissions.

In some implementations, the second transmission may be x_(B) = [p_(B3) p_(B2) p_(B1) p_(B0)] * [x₂ x₃ x₄ x₅]^(T), where p_(B3), p_(B2), p_(B1), and p_(B0) are columns of the precoder matrix scramblers and x₂, x₃, x₄, and x₅ are different parallel data streams. x₂ and x₃ have been sent on both transmissions, and x₄ and x₅ are new streams that were not transmitted during the first transmission. The receiver may receive, on a second reception, y_(B) = H̃ _(B) * [x₂ x₃ x₄ x₅]^(T) + n = H_(B) [p_(B3) p_(B2) p_(B1) p_(B0)] * [x₂ x₃ x₄ x₅]^(T) + n, where n is the additive noise and H_(B) may be the MIMO channel. The channels and/or precoding vectors used for the first transmission and the second transmission may be the same if the channel condition remains the same in time and/or different if the condition changes.

In some instances, the receiver may aggregate the received data streams from the first transmission and the second transmission and demodulate 6 layers as

$\begin{bmatrix} y_{A} \\ y_{B} \end{bmatrix} =$

$\begin{bmatrix} {H_{A}\left\lbrack {p_{A0}\mspace{6mu} p_{A1}\mspace{6mu} p_{A2}\mspace{6mu} p_{A3}\mspace{6mu} 0\mspace{6mu} 0} \right\rbrack} \\ {H_{B}\left\lbrack {0\mspace{6mu} 0\mspace{6mu} p_{B3}\mspace{6mu} p_{B2}\mspace{6mu} p_{B1}\mspace{6mu} p_{B0}} \right\rbrack} \end{bmatrix}\left\lbrack {x_{0}\mspace{6mu} x_{1}\mspace{6mu} x_{2}\mspace{6mu} x_{3}\mspace{6mu} x_{4}\mspace{6mu} x_{5}} \right\rbrack^{T}.$

In the example above, some of the layers are transmitted in the first transmission and the second transmission. In other examples (not shown), all layers may be retransmitted (e.g., initial transmission assuming an initial rank of 4 while the receiver has an actual rank of 2). The per layer scrambling in the first transmission and the second transmission may be unchanged for the receiver to be able to construct the space-time coding equation above. Therefore, inter-cell interference randomization may be reduced.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, for rank adaptation with STC, a common scrambling for all layers may be applied (instead of or in addition to the per-layer scrambling described above). The common scrambling may be changed per transmission because the common scrambling may be “absorbed” into the first and/or second precoders allowing for the STC formulation. As a result, inter-cell interference may be suppressed and/or reduced. Alternatively, the common scrambling may be applied only to retransmissions (e.g., second, third (if applicable)...) of the STC rank adaptation scheme on top of the per layer scrambling. In certain aspects, cell specific and/or user specific scrambling seeds may be used for the common scrambling technique.

In a certain example, the transmitter may transmit x_(A) = a[p_(A0) p_(A1) p_(A2) p_(A3)] * [x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃]^(T) on a first transmission and x_(B) = β [p_(B3) p_(B2) p_(B1) p_(B0)] * [x₂ x₃ x₄ x₅]^(T) on a second transmission (i.e., retransmission). The parameters α and/or β may be scalars, real numbers, or complex numbers (e.g., 1, -1, j, -j,) that are the common scrambler for each transmission. In some instances, α = 1 and β ≠ 1 (i.e., the second transmission is scrambled with a common scrambler). In other instances, both a and β are not equal to 1 (i.e., the first and second transmission are both scrambled with common scramblers). α and β may be different or the same. The scramblers may have different values per resource element. The scramblers may be a sequence of values among 1, -1, j, and -j, each multiplying to different resource elements.

In some aspects, the transmitter may apply a common scrambler instead of the per level scramblers. In other aspects, the transmitter may apply the per level scramblers only. In yet another aspect, the transmitter may apply the common scrambler and the per level scramblers. Upon the receptions of transmitted/retransmitted signals, the receiver may undo the scrambling per transmission by appropriate rotation (un-scrambling) of the transmitted signals. Each transmitted/retransmitted signal may be unscrambled separately.

FIG. 4 is an example of a method for implementing common scrambling for space-time based rank adaptation. For example, a method 400 may be performed by the one or more of the processor 212, the memory 216, the applications 275, the modem 220, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, the communication component 222, the ranking component 224, the modulation component 226, and/or the scrambling component 228, and/or one or more other components of the UE 110 in the wireless communication network 100. In another example, the method 400 may be performed by the one or more of the processor 312, the memory 316, the applications 375, the modem 320, the transceiver 302, the receiver 306, the transmitter 308, the RF front end 388, the communication component 322, the ranking component 324, the modulation component 326, and/or the scrambling component 328, and/or one or more other components of the BS 105 in the wireless communication network 100.

At block 405, the method 400 may identify an initial rank. For example, the ranking component 224, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 of the UE 110 may identify an initial rank as described above.

In certain implementations, the ranking component 224, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 may be configured to and/or may define means for identifying an initial rank.

In another example, the ranking component 324, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 of the BS 105 may identify an initial rank as described above.

In certain implementations, the ranking component 324, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 may be configured to and/or may define means for identifying an initial rank.

At block 410, the method 400 may modulate information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank. For example, the modulation component 226, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 of the UE 110 may modulate information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank as described above.

In certain implementations, the modulation component 226, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 may be configured to and/or may define means for modulating information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank.

In another example, the modulation component 326, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 of the BS 105 may modulate information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank as described above.

In certain implementations, the modulation component 326, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 may be configured to and/or may define means for modulating information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank.

At block 415, the method 400 may scramble the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers. For example, the scrambling component 228, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 of the UE 110 may scramble the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers.

In certain implementations, the scrambling component 228, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 may be configured to and/or may define means for scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers.

In another example, the scrambling component 328, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 of the BS 105 may scramble the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers.

In certain implementations, the scrambling component 328, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 may be configured to and/or may define means for scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers.

At block 420, the method 400 may transmit, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers. For example, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, the subcomponents of the RF front end 288, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 of the UE 110 may transmit, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers as described above. The communication component 222 may send the digital signals to the transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208. The transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208 may convert the digital signals to electrical signals and send to the RF front end 288. The RF front end 288 may filter and/or amplify the electrical signals. The RF front end 288 may send the electrical signals as electro-magnetic signals via the one or more antennas 265.

In certain implementations, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, the subcomponents of the RF front end 288, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 may be configured to and/or may define means for transmitting, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers.

In another example, the communication component 322, the transceiver 302, the receiver 306, the transmitter 308, the RF front end 388, the subcomponents of the RF front end 388, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 of the BS 105 may transmit, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers as described above. The communication component 322 may send the digital signals to the transceiver 302 or the transmitter 308. The transceiver 302 or the transmitter 308 may convert the digital signals to electrical signals and send to the RF front end 388. The RF front end 388 may filter and/or amplify the electrical signals. The RF front end 388 may send the electrical signals as electro-magnetic signals via the one or more antennas 365.

In certain implementations, the communication component 322, the transceiver 302, the receiver 306, the transmitter 308, the RF front end 388, the subcomponents of the RF front end 388, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 may be configured to and/or may define means for transmitting, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers.

At block 425, the method 400 may receive an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers. For example, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, the subcomponents of the RF front end 288, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 of the UE 110 may receive an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers as described above. The RF front end 288 may receive the electrical signals converted from electromagnetic signals. The RF front end 288 may filter and/or amplify the electrical signals. The transceiver 202 or the receiver 206 may convert the electrical signals to digital signals, and send the digital signals to the communication component 222.

In certain implementations, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, the subcomponents of the RF front end 288, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 may be configured to and/or may define means for receiving an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers.

In another example, the communication component 322, the transceiver 302, the receiver 306, the transmitter 308, the RF front end 388, the subcomponents of the RF front end 388, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 of the BS 105 may receive an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers as described above. The RF front end 388 may receive the electrical signals converted from electro-magnetic signals. The RF front end 388 may filter and/or amplify the electrical signals. The transceiver 302 or the receiver 306 may convert the electrical signals to digital signals, and send the digital signals to the communication component 322.

In certain implementations, the communication component 322, the transceiver 302, the receiver 306, the transmitter 308, the RF front end 388, the subcomponents of the RF front end 388, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 may be configured to and/or may define means for receiving an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers.

At block 430, the method 400 may modulate at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers. For example, the modulation component 226, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 of the UE 110 may modulate at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers.

In certain implementations, the modulation component 226, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 may be configured to and/or may define means for modulating at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers.

In another example, the modulation component 326, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 of the BS 105 may modulate at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers.

In certain implementations, the modulation component 326, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 may be configured to and/or may define means for modulating at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers.

At block 435, the method 400 may scramble the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers. For example, the scrambling component 228, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 of the UE 110 may scramble the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers.

In certain implementations, the scrambling component 228, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 may be configured to and/or may define means for scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers.

In another example, the scrambling component 328, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 of the BS 105 may scramble the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers.

In certain implementations, the scrambling component 328, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 may be configured to and/or may define means for scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers.

At block 440, the method 400 may transmit, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers. For example, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, the subcomponents of the RF front end 288, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 of the UE 110 may transmit, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers as described above. The communication component 222 may send the digital signals to the transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208. The transceiver 202 or the transmitter 208 may convert the digital signals to electrical signals and send to the RF front end 288. The RF front end 288 may filter and/or amplify the electrical signals. The RF front end 288 may send the electrical signals as electro-magnetic signals via the one or more antennas 265.

In certain implementations, the communication component 222, the transceiver 202, the receiver 206, the transmitter 208, the RF front end 288, the subcomponents of the RF front end 288, the processor 212, the memory 216, the modem 220, and/or the applications 275 may be configured to and/or may define means for transmitting, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

In another example, the communication component 322, the transceiver 302, the receiver 306, the transmitter 308, the RF front end 388, the subcomponents of the RF front end 388, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 of the BS 105 may transmit, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers as described above. The communication component 322 may send the digital signals to the transceiver 302 or the transmitter 308. The transceiver 302 or the transmitter 308 may convert the digital signals to electrical signals and send to the RF front end 388. The RF front end 388 may filter and/or amplify the electrical signals. The RF front end 388 may send the electrical signals as electro-magnetic signals via the one or more antennas 365.

In certain implementations, the communication component 322, the transceiver 302, the receiver 306, the transmitter 308, the RF front end 388, the subcomponents of the RF front end 388, the processor 312, the memory 316, the modem 320, and/or the applications 375 may be configured to and/or may define means for transmitting, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

Alternatively or additionally, the method 400 may further include any of the methods above, wherein the first common scrambler is different from the second common scrambler.

Alternatively or additionally, the method 400 may further include any of the methods above, wherein scrambling the first plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first plurality of scramblers to generate the first plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the first plurality of scramblers are different per layer, and scrambling the second plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second plurality of scramblers to generate the second plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the second plurality of scramblers are different per layer.

Alternatively or additionally, the method 400 may further include any of the methods above, wherein the first plurality of scramblers and the second plurality of scramblers are identical.

Alternatively or additionally, the method 400 may further include any of the methods above, wherein at least one of the first common scrambler or the second common scrambler are cell specific or user specific.

Alternatively or additionally, the method 400 may further include any of the methods above, wherein at least a portion of the first plurality of layers overlaps with at least a portion of the second plurality of layers.

Additional Implementations

Aspects of the present disclosure include methods by a transmitter for identifying an initial rank, modulating information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank, scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers, transmitting, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers, receiving an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers, modulating at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers, scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers, and transmitting, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

Any of the methods above, wherein the first common scrambler is different from the second common scrambler.

Any of the methods above, wherein scrambling the first plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first plurality of scramblers to generate the first plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the first plurality of scramblers are different per layer, and scrambling the second plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second plurality of scramblers to generate the second plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the second plurality of scramblers are different per layer.

Any of the methods above, wherein the first plurality of scramblers and the second plurality of scramblers are identical.

Any of the methods above, wherein at least one of the first common scrambler or the second common scrambler are cell specific or user specific.

Any of the methods above, wherein at least a portion of the first plurality of layers overlaps with at least a portion of the second plurality of layers.

Other aspects of the present disclosure include a transmitter having a memory comprising instructions, a transceiver, and one or more processors operatively coupled with the memory and the transceiver, the one or more processors configured to execute instructions in the memory to identify an initial rank, modulate information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank, scramble the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers, transmit, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers, receive an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers, modulate at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers, scramble the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers, and transmit, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein the first common scrambler is different from the second common scrambler.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein scrambling the first plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first plurality of scramblers to generate the first plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the first plurality of scramblers are different per layer, and scrambling the second plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second plurality of scramblers to generate the second plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the second plurality of scramblers are different per layer.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein the first plurality of scramblers and the second plurality of scramblers are identical.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein at least one of the first common scrambler or the second common scrambler are cell specific or user specific.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein at least a portion of the first plurality of layers overlaps with at least a portion of the second plurality of layers.

An aspect of the present disclosure includes a transmitter including means for identifying an initial rank, means for modulating information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank, means for scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers, means for transmitting, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers, receiving an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers, means for modulating at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers, means for scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers, and means for transmitting, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein the first common scrambler is different from the second common scrambler.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein means for scrambling the first plurality of layers further comprises means for scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first plurality of scramblers to generate the first plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the first plurality of scramblers are different per layer, and means for scrambling the second plurality of layers further comprises means for scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second plurality of scramblers to generate the second plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the second plurality of scramblers are different per layer.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein the first plurality of scramblers and the second plurality of scramblers are identical.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein at least one of the first common scrambler or the second common scrambler are cell specific or user specific.

Any of the transmitters above, wherein at least a portion of the first plurality of layers overlaps with at least a portion of the second plurality of layers.

Some aspects of the present disclosure include non-transitory computer readable media having instructions stored therein that, when executed by one or more processors of a transmitter, cause the one or more processors to identify an initial rank, modulate information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank, scramble the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers, transmit, to the receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers, receive an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers, modulate at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers, scramble the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers, and transmit, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.

Any of the non-transitory computer readable media above, wherein the first common scrambler is different from the second common scrambler.

Any of the non-transitory computer readable media above, wherein the instructions for scrambling the first plurality of layers further comprises instructions for scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first plurality of scramblers to generate the first plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the first plurality of scramblers are different per layer, and the instructions for scrambling the second plurality of layers further comprises instructions for scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second plurality of scramblers to generate the second plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the second plurality of scramblers are different per layer.

Any of the non-transitory computer readable media above, wherein the first plurality of scramblers and the second plurality of scramblers are identical.

Any of the non-transitory computer readable media above, wherein at least one of the first common scrambler or the second common scrambler are cell specific or user specific.

Any of the non-transitory computer readable media above, wherein at least a portion of the first plurality of layers overlaps with at least a portion of the second plurality of layers.

The above detailed description set forth above in connection with the appended drawings describes examples and does not represent the only examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example,” when used in this description, means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Also, various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in other examples. In some instances, well-known structures and apparatuses are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

It should be noted that the techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication networks such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and other systems. The terms “system” and “network” are often used interchangeably. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases 0 and A are commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM™, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). 3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are new releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radio technologies, including cellular (e.g., LTE) communications over a shared radio frequency spectrum band. The description herein, however, describes an LTE/LTE-A system or 5G system for purposes of example, and LTE terminology is used in much of the description below, although the techniques may be applicable other next generation communication systems.

Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, computer-executable code or instructions stored on a computer-readable medium, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a specially-programmed device, such as but not limited to a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a FPGA or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A specially-programmed processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A specially-programmed processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above may be implemented using software executed by a specially programmed processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items prefaced by “at least one of” indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A, B, or C” means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the common principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Furthermore, although elements of the described aspects may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated. Additionally, all or a portion of any aspect may be utilized with all or a portion of any other aspect, unless stated otherwise. Thus, the disclosure is not to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication by a transmitter in a network, comprising: identifying an initial rank; modulating information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank; scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers; transmitting, to a receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers; receiving an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers; modulating at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers; scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers; and transmitting, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the first common scrambler is different from the second common scrambler.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein: scrambling the first plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first plurality of scramblers to generate the first plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the first plurality of scramblers are different per layer; and scrambling the second plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second plurality of scramblers to generate the second plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the second plurality of scramblers are different per layer.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the first plurality of scramblers and the second plurality of scramblers are identical.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein: at least one of the first common scrambler or the second common scrambler are cell specific or user specific.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein: at least a portion of the first plurality of layers overlaps with at least a portion of the second plurality of layers.
 7. A transmitter, comprising: a memory comprising instructions; a transceiver; and one or more processors operatively coupled with the memory and the transceiver, the one or more processors configured to execute instructions in the memory to: identify an initial rank; modulate information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank; scramble the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers; transmit, to a receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers; receive an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers; modulate at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers; scramble the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers; and transmit, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.
 8. The transmitter of claim 7, wherein: the first common scrambler is different from the second common scrambler.
 9. The transmitter of claim 7, wherein: scrambling the first plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first plurality of scramblers to generate the first plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the first plurality of scramblers are different per layer; and scrambling the second plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second plurality of scramblers to generate the second plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the second plurality of scramblers are different per layer.
 10. The transmitter of claim 9, wherein: the first plurality of scramblers and the second plurality of scramblers are identical.
 11. The transmitter of claim 7, wherein: at least one of the first common scrambler or the second common scrambler are cell specific or user specific.
 12. The transmitter of claim 7, wherein: at least a portion of the first plurality of layers overlaps with at least a portion of the second plurality of layers.
 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored therein that, when executed by one or more processors of a transmitter, cause the one or more processors to: identify an initial rank; modulate information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank; scramble the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers; transmit, to a receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers; receive an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers; modulate at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers; scramble the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers; and transmit, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.
 14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein: the first common scrambler is different from the second common scrambler.
 15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein: scrambling the first plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first plurality of scramblers to generate the first plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the first plurality of scramblers are different per layer; and scrambling the second plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second plurality of scramblers to generate the second plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the second plurality of scramblers are different per layer.
 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein: the first plurality of scramblers and the second plurality of scramblers are identical.
 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein: at least one of the first common scrambler or the second common scrambler are cell specific or user specific.
 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein: at least a portion of the first plurality of layers overlaps with at least a portion of the second plurality of layers.
 19. A transmitter, comprising: means for identifying an initial rank; means for modulating information into a first plurality of layers associated with the initial rank; means for scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first common scrambler to generate a first plurality of scrambled layers; means for transmitting, to a receiver, the first plurality of scrambled layers; means for receiving an indication of failed demodulation of a portion of the first plurality of scrambled layers; means for modulating at least a portion of the information into a second plurality of layers, wherein the second plurality of layers includes a same number of layers as the first plurality of layers; means for scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second common scrambler to generate a second plurality of scrambled layers; and means for transmitting, to the receiver, the second plurality of scrambled layers.
 20. The transmitter of claim 19, wherein: the first common scrambler is different from the second common scrambler.
 21. The transmitter of claim 19, wherein: the means for scrambling the first plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the first plurality of layers by a first plurality of scramblers to generate the first plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the first plurality of scramblers are different per layer; and the means for scrambling the second plurality of layers further comprises scrambling the second plurality of layers by a second plurality of scramblers to generate the second plurality of scrambled layers, wherein the second plurality of scramblers are different per layer.
 22. The transmitter of claim 21, wherein: the first plurality of scramblers and the second plurality of scramblers are identical.
 23. The transmitter of claim 19, wherein: at least one of the first common scrambler or the second common scrambler are cell specific or user specific.
 24. The transmitter of claim 19, wherein: at least a portion of the first plurality of layers overlaps with at least a portion of the second plurality of layers. 